Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay

Imagine yourself back in the early eighteen hundreds as black slave living on a plantation with death knocking on your door at any second. The only chance to survive this born-into captivity, is to humble yourself before a white master or attempt to escape to an unknown safe haven. To chance an escape would put your life at risk to the bounty hunters and cause severe brutality upon those you left behind. The only logical way to live one’s life in these situations would be submissive from birth to death and to die quietly, so those remaining don’t lose what little faith they have left. This is an example of the atrocities that occurred throughout our Great Nation’s history, and will forever be a scar for everyone to see. One individual†¦show more content†¦Physical pain was the key factor of submission, but when slave children were raised only knowing physical brutality, emotional pain tormented the soul even more. Another action taken by the white masters was the act of making their female salves their personal concubines and then robbing the slave-mothers of their newly born children. This act was performed when the child was about twelve months old, just being old enough to be stripped from the breast that fed and nourished them. Even though most of the slave-children were of mulatto decent from their white fathers, sparing a child from the loss of its mother was not considered and highly deemed as showing favoritism towards the slaves. â€Å"Slaveholders have ordained, and by law established, that the children of slave women shall in all cases follow the condition of their mothers; and this is done too obviously to administer to their lusts, and make a gratification of their wicked desires profitable as well as pleasurable; for by this cunning arrangement, the slaveholder, in cases not a few, sustains to his slaves the double relation of master and father† (971). The mother of the sl ave-child was usually sold off to some plantation some distance away. This was done to keep her from trying to make any attempt to see her child and to rid the plantation of any witness ofShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives was lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederic k Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciation for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreThe Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1527 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered â€Å"property† of their slaveholders and had no control over their own life. They were victims of psychological and physical brutal treatment. This story represents confinement, slavery and the lack of power African people had in such a racist society back in those days. African talents were absolutely wasted and they were considered inferior to white individuals. The â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† sim ply addresses that white society was causing negative effects to itself andRead MoreNarrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experiences of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christi an texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show the

The Uniqueness of Every Person - 590 Words

We live in a world where every single person is unique. We all have something about us that is different. The way we walk, talk, think, write, and feel. All these things define who we are and what we like. For example some of us are attracted to the opposite sex which is considered normal. While other are attracted to the same sex which to some people its not normal, it’s a matter of an opinion because it is what someone thinks. Today around the United States of America gay marriage has been mentioned quietly. Considering gay marriage as being an opinion to some people, even though people have their own point of view gay marriages should be consider legal. And being different from what others might think is normal shouldn’t be judged. â€Å"Only 17 states in the United States allow gay marriages. Massachusetts became the first state to legalized gay marriage in May 17, 2004. And the most recent one New Mexico in December 19, 2013. Being the 17 state to allow it† according to (States). Same sex couples should be able to celebrate their commitment in the same way as opposite sex couples. It’s the same kind of human being living on earth as everyone else. It doesn’t matter if your gay, lesbian, bisexual, or whatever. So same sex couples should have the same benefits as an opposite sex couple. â€Å"In June 2007 the Massachusetts legislature defeated a discriminatory, anti- marriage constitutional amendment that had been proposed. The final 151 to 45 votes was a strong legislativeShow MoreRelatedHannah Arendt s Human Condition1274 Words   |  6 PagesHannah Arendt’s Human Condition is crammed with distinctions: between labour, work, and action. In this essay I will talk more about the human action, the uniqueness of individuality, and how the actions draw human life story. Actions are unique and unrepeatable. Action is not what they do, but what they did, and how meaningful it is. 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Phone interviews were placed to make sure all participants met preliminary diagnostic and medical screening. Participants were later involved with an in person interview. In this interview, participants completed written informed consent procedures and a diagnostic interview. People who met the study inclusion criteria were to come back for two more in person interviews. In the two in person interviews, the participantsRead MoreI m Nobody ! Who Are You?964 Words   |  4 Pages The world is full of worries, wonders and rush. Everyone is busy handing their own affairs and business. In this rush, it can be quite easy to get swept away from the crowd and go unnoticed, especially if you are shy and not much of an outgoing person. At the same time, it can be a horrible thing to realize that you’ve gone invisible in a way that no one even realizes that you’re still alive or that you’ve been actually doing and accomplishing things in your life. 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In another light, it could be said that morality serves to encourage self-interests, that is to say that every time one is morally mandated to do something, doing such promotes self-interest. It is then safe to say that ethical egoism is perception based: that is how one perceives a thing, it may or may not be factual. It is subjective. Russ Shafer-Landau,Read MorePersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1475 Words   |  6 Pagesdon’t often think that every nurse comes from different situation, past experiences, and life changing events that make nurses who he or she is. Everyone on this earth is unique and has something to contribute. The same goes for patients. Each patient has a different background and have different interests which make them who they are. In order to give the optimal care to the patients nurses must acc ommodate to the patient’s uniqueness. 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Women s gymnastics is one of the most-viewed sports in the Olympics. That is because they make it worth watching (Bayci). Female gymnasts go out there every year and amaze people. It is also very hard to get to the Olympics. Only theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Harrison Bergeron 1081 Words   |  5 Pagesof humanity can’t take place: conversations, fascination or entertainment, and the ability of knowledge and the sense of learning, are lost. The absence of uniqueness and diversity are not present and formality and same-ness is enforced and therefore accepted. The story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† shows that equality is a non-valued gift of uniqueness for all humans. All humans can never be truly equal in the eyes of the world. Near the opening few paragraphs of the story the reader learns that intelligence

A Report Which Party Can Stands Best In Election 2015 Westminster

Question: Given the present economic environment in the uk, all of the three main political parties at Westminster are mindfull of the British general election which will take place in 2015. They are all hoping to be the party which will form the new uk government. Task: write a report, which you examine and compare the priorities and policies laid out by these parties. Go on to give your opinions on which party you feel stands the best chance of electoral success. Answer: Elections are the most significant part of any countrys development. Since the first general elections of Britain was held i.e in 1708, from that time and upto now there is an impeccable improvement and with this people have seen a continuous changing scenario with every coming elections. With this changing time and scenario the people have experienced various myths and facts about different political parties which were acting at the center. By concluding all those facts and myths, the people have made their thoughts about those working political parties. And reflecting those thoughts and sentiments during the election time shows there power of irrevocable decision making power. Now this is what it is going to happen in the elections of 2015 (Westminster), where various different political parties will go to try their luck. Now the time will show which party will be going to taste the sweetness of success and which party experience the bitterness of failure. The three giant parties about which the people talking about are:- The Conservatives led by David Cameroon, The Labour party led by Ed Miliband and The Liberate Democrats led by Nick Clegg. The Conservatives shows their capability, as they are working party at the center. But lets see what the pursuit of destiny shows which will have their luck strong during the upcoming elections. Priorities and Policies of political parties The political parties have shown their list of priorities and policies in their manifestos which will benefit the people throughout. Lets see how these parties may differ in their priorities and policies:- A) Conservative party:- There are three fundamental of a free society that matters the most are the chances to own their own homes, work that enables you to get on not just get by and having having enough savings to plan for the future. In other words Home, Jobs and savings-the three words stamped on the maskhead of Conservative partys home (Przeworski, 1991). The conservatives have said in their manifestos that they will provide more homes, better jobs and higher savings accompanied by plans for economic and political reforms. Main motive of conservative party is to work for ordinary working people of Britain i.e the mass middle class people. They have their stress on following matters:- 1) Firstly, to have a home like home.2) Secondly, work that enables you to get on, not just get by.3) And thirdly, from the work people could save sufficient money to plan for the future. Policies:- The following are the policies on which the conservative party is giving stress upon:- 1) Home like home:-There is a consistant lack of affordable homes in the country. There should be more homes for the people who are intended to live in them at affordable prices and implying programmes so that people can buy homes easily.2) Proposal of garden cities:-The intermittently approach of building homes has faced failure. The conservatives proposed to create garden cities corporations for strategically deisgn areas like Thames estuary. This make the existing residents to have direct financial stake through allocation of shares in each corporation.3) To scrap HS2 and create Northern infrastructure fund:-HS2 is another London centric mega project that will not even reach north until 2030s. so, conservatives planned to scrap the HS2 project and implement this project in a more planned way which may all key cities like Liverpool by the name of Northern Infrastructure Fund. This will be controlled by the elected mayors across the region and this will generate more employment.4) N ew immigration deal with European union:-As European union have more stress on the British economy to regain the full control of its borders. Britain need to renew new immigration policy with European union. This will replace the existing system and convert it into point base system. Then with the purchase of new health insurances and welfare insurances will back up the economic growth.5) Grip-on financial education:-There is a certain need to rebuilt the saving culture the best way to start from young people. The perposal of fund allocation to endow every school. This would tighten grip on the programme of finanacial education. This will benefit everyone by passing financial literacy test and the money will be transferred to their personal saving accounts.6) Creations of UK sovereign wealth fund:-The creation of sovereign wealth fund will be mutually owned by all british citizens in which all windfall revenews will be paid. This will all the country to save as a nation, not just as individual like Norway.7) The effect of Scottish referendum is known to everyone, therefore whatever will be the result of it. The Conservative proposed a develoved national government of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland with their own first ministers. B) Labour party:- The first main rival of the conservative party is the labour party. The main priorities of labour party is to bring changes in the current economy, society and the politics to achieve fairness throughout the system. Policies:- The following are the policies on which labour party will be going to work on:-1) Labour party launched a 10 years plan for health and social care. They are also going to create 10,000 nurse training places and 5000 new home care roles.2) Targeted increase in public spending over the next year to sustain the recovery before cutting the deficit by more than 50 percent and reducing the structural deficit by at least two-third over the next parliament (Przeworski, 1991).3) Guarantee people aged 18-24 a job, work experience or training place if they are unemployed for more than six months.4) Hold a referendum an adopting the alternative vote ystem for Westminster elections and making the house of lords fully elected (Wolfe, 1969).5) Pledge not to increase income tax or extend Vat on food, childrens clothes, books, newspapers and public transport.6) Increase minimum wages at lkeast in line with average earnings over the period to 2015.7) Work internationally to introduce a global levy on financial services.This shows that labour party give a tough challenge to the conservatives. They have almost more storng and efficient work policies. C) Liberate demorate:- Liberal democrats have played a crucial role in retaining the british economy, creating more than 1 million jobs and bringing back the economy on the road.liberal democrats believe that there should be sutainable growth of economy which will improve the employment in the country. There main motive is to do balanced growth throughout all sectors and the regions. Policies:- 1) The Liberal democrats have proposed to generate 1 million more jobs for the youths and employment guarenttee to the young people of the age group of 18-24 years. This will enhance the level of the country throughout the world. This will make the sustainable growth of the country.2) Liberal democrats have proposed a 800 tax cut . this will benefit the people with low wages. This will increase the savings of the people and make them more consistent to think about their future.3) 2.5 billion extra for schools, this will increase the level of education and help in rising the standards of the children from the base level.4) Liberal democrats ensures that they standardize the cost of living and offered to launch various schemes which will help people to buy their own home and live up to standards of livings. This will offer ease of squeeze to the people and make them more flexible in their livings (Savitz, 2012).5) About the environmental things, they have proposed to offer 200,000 new green jobs for the people . this will increase the employment in the country.6) They have proposed to offer biggest ever pension increase for old people living in the country. This will bring happiness on the faces of the old ones which have faced various situations in their lives.7) Liberal democrats offers a very fair and firm system for the immigration policies.Now after having a keen look on the priorities and the policies of different parties, we are now able to predict which will be one which will taste the sweetness of success. The following in the report of latest status of the political parties:- As it seen from the data that the conservatives and the labours are on the same level of choces of the people living in the region (Wolfinger, 1980). And third prty which is competing with them is the librate democrate party and the rest are quite behind them in the choices of people. The following data which is shown in the data is: 1) The conservatives and the labours are fighting for the place as there is little fluctuation in the shows graph. Considering that fluctuations they rest at 33 percent of the total percentage of choices of the people. 2) The third rivel is getting only 7 percent of the voting choices of the people. There policies are not of that much interest as the other big parties have.3) Surprisingly Ukip is getting more votes then the Liberal democrats. People are showing more interest in them according to the third big party of UK. Conclusion:- By concluding all of the above data, we get to result that Conservative and the Labour party are the most likely parties in the election 2015. They are running at the same level of percentage of voting choices of the people. They are giving a tough challenge to each other. But looking into people mouth El Miliband leading labour party is the preffered choice of the people. This is due to the reason, it have strong and effective policies for the upliftment of the people living in the country throughout in all sections and regions. References: 1. Mann, T. E., Wolfinger, R. E. (1980). Candidates and parties in congressional elections. American Political Science Review, 74(03), 617-632.2. Savitz, A. (2012). The triple bottom line: How today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success--and how you can too. John Wiley Sons.3. Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., Rusk, J. G., Wolfe, A. C. (1969). Continuity and change in American politics: Parties and issues in the 1968 election.American Political Science Review, 63(04), 1083-1105.4. Przeworski, A. (1991). Democracy and the market: Political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Cambridge University Press.5. O'brien, K. J., Li, L. (2000). Accommodating democracy in a one-party state: Introducing village elections in China. The China Quarterly, 162, 465-489.6. Reif, K., Schmitt, H. (1980). Nine Secondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ order National Electionsa Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of European Election Results.European journal of political research, 8(1), 3-44.7. Harmel, R., Janda, K. (1994). An integrated theory of party goals and party change. Journal of theoretical politics, 6(3), 259-287.8. George, A. L., George, J. L. (1964). Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House: a personality study (Vol. 1144). Courier Corporation.9. Thurber, J. A., Nelson, C. J. (Eds.). (2001). Campaign warriors: The role of political consultants in elections. Brookings Institution Press.10. Niven, D. (1998). Party elites and women candidates: The shape of bias.Women Politics, 19(2), 57-80.

Injury Prevention Intervention (Driving injury in young people)

Introduction Studies indicate that the major victims of road driving are the young people. In fact, age, gender and inexperience are among the factors putting at higher risks of driving injuries. For instance, due to the age, young people are incapable of effectively estimating their capabilities and often test their limits above other individuals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Injury Prevention Intervention (Driving injury in young people) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dodge (2011) argues that the underdevelopment of the children brains accounts for their inability to estimate their driving capabilities. Further, the parts of the brain tasked with making of choices are still undergoing development thereby influencing behavior when driving. Moreover, invariable judgment about driving actions often distracts young inexperienced drivers. In terms of sexual orientation, the males are more exposed to the risks of road injuries due to thrill and impression seeking actions, driving at excessive speeds as well as failure to use seatbelts. Injuries from road traffic account for larger proportion of the cause of deaths amongst young people worldwide. Precisely, approximately four hundred thousand people under the age of twenty-five years die annually due to road injuries. Hanson, Vardon, McFarlane, Lloyd, Muller, Durrheim (2010) studied the trends of deaths caused by accidents in young people and reported that a large percentage of the deaths take place among young cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. The traffic injuries are avertable. In fact, several interventions have proved invaluable in addressing the hazard aspects as well as diminishing the rates of driving injuries. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a number of interventions that are significant in reducing driving injuries during the United Nations Global Road Safety Week. For instance, separation of vario us types of road users, reduction of driving speed and not driving when drunk as well as carrying out graduated licensing schemes for apprentice drivers are essential for the reduction of driving injuries. Epidemiology of driving injuries among young people Among the driving injuries experienced worldwide among young people, alcohol is considered as a major contributor of road collisions and fatalities. In fact, studies assert that high blood alcohol concentrations pose greater risks of crashing.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hingson and Heeren (2010) argue that large proportions of young male drivers between the ages twenty-two to forty-five often drink alcohol before driving which increases the likelihood of fatal crashes. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), forty-one percent of road accidents arise from alcohol-related crashes. Levenso n, Hingson and Heeren (2010) shows that age is essential in determining the amount of blood alcohol concentration in the body. National Roadside Survey and NHTSA data show that young drivers between the ages of 16 and 20 have the highest contents of blood alcohol concentration (BAC). For example, the male drivers between the ages of sixteen and twenty whose BAC is over 0.15 accounts for approximately 15, 550 individuals compared to their female counterparts accounting for estimated seven hundred and forty people. Information from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) indicates significant fluctuations in driving injuries across sexual orientations, age and inexperience. Rivara and MacKenzie (2012) studied gender variation concerning risk exposure of young people to accident and reported that males are exposed to higher risks of traffic accidents. For instance, in 2012, males accounted for approximately eighty percent of the traffic deaths. In addition, men account for forty- six percent of alcohol related crashes compared to thirty percent traffic related deaths accounted for by females. On age, young and middle-aged adults are the most involved in road accidents. For example, people aged between the ages sixteen and twenty-nine make up fifty-five percent of traffic deaths compared to seven percent of individuals with over sixty-five years. Klassen, MacKay and Moher (2010) assert that speeding is also a significant cause of injuries among young drivers. Actually, 40% of drivers involved in fatal traffic crashes had high BAC of 0ver 0.15 percent. In addition, young drivers often fail to wear safety seatbelts increasing their risks to road crashes and injuries. According to NHTSA (2003), greater proportions young drivers who endured road crashes wore safety belts.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Injury Prevention Intervention (Driving injury in young people) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Young drivers convicted of drinking and driving require assessments on alcohol abuse or dependence as well as attend alcohol treatment. According to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), management of convicted drinking and driving offender trims down the repletion of the offence by approximately 10%. Further, O’Malley and Wagenaar (2009) argue that to reduce injuries from alcohol related accidents, legal drinking ages should be enforced at a minimum of twenty-one years to prevent young people from excessive drinking. Setting BAC limits and impounding driving licenses of traffic offenders are essential. Current preventive strategies Various preventive measures are currently in place to mitigate accident related injuries. However, it is critical to understand which preventive strategy is more effective. Wallace (2012) studied the current and previous accident preventive measures and concluded that the outcome of any program on accident reduction depends on the effectiv eness of protective measures put in place. Gielen and Sleet (2013) also studied several strategies that are currently in place to prevent injuries on young people. According to Gielen and Sleet (2013) study, the trends indicate that despite the preventive measures, the likelihood for young people involved in injuries is increasing. The injuries preventive strategies include mandatory child restraint use laws, which involve various recommended implementations including enforcement by the police. The strategy is strongly recommended particularly when the police are involved in its enforceability. Mandatory child restraint use laws also include the application of seat belts. The recommendations are that when safety seats are properly installed and used appropriately the risk of injuries are reduced by over 70% in infants while children above the age of one, the reduction rate is over 54%. The preventive measures have proved to be effective particularly where enforcement is operational. Besides the child restraint use laws strategies, other strategies such as the use of seat belts, alcohol-impaired driving, nighttime driving restrictive curfew and mandatory helmet use laws to prevent motorbike injuries have been in practice to prevent injuries related to accidents on young people.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, according to Zaza and Thompson (2011), the strategies have various limitations including enforceability and implementations. In most cases, the strategies are to be implemented by the police who often have limited capacity. In addition, the strategies have a limited target. For instance, the mandatory child restraint use laws only targets the child safety seats. However, Wagenaar, Murray, and Geban (2010) argue that the preventive measures are not exhaustive. New strategies need to be in place to prevent further injuries on young people. In fact, the new strategies should be innovative, easily understood and applied. In addition, the new strategies should be effective particularly where young people are involved. Goals and objectives The major goal of the current interventions is to reduce injuries related to motor vehicle accidents on young people by over 80%. However, each intervention has specific goals. For instance, the alcohol-impaired driving main objective is to red uce the number of adults driving while carrying young people as well as preventing driving while drunk. As Shults, Elder and Sleet (2011) indicated, the number of alcohol related accidents have considerably increased among young people. The collective objectives are to reduce the probability of young people being involved in injuries related to motor vehicle accidents. The current interventions, limitations, goals and objectives are summarized in the table below Intervention Limitations Goals/objectives Mandatory child restraint use laws Limited police enforceability To reduce the risks associated with Moto vehicle safety seats Community wide enforcement campaigns Can only be applied during certain times of the year To enhance public awareness on the injuries related to accidents Random breath testing sobriety checkpoints Limited police enforceability To reduce alcohol related crashes and deaths by between 17-25% Zero Tolerance Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Possibilit y of increasing the set limits. Lack of strict enforceability Reduces accident related injuries on young people under the age of 21 Nighttime driving restriction curfew laws Applied spatially with some exceptions allowed To avoid injuries resulting from night time crashes. In addition, to discourage nighttime teens driving The rationale for the current interventions As indicated the current intervention are not exhaustive in terms of preventing the injuries. However, most of the interventions have been proven effective in preventive processes. The main justification for the current interventions is to put in place control measures that are deemed useful in reducing injuries. In addition, the control measures must be enforceable and implemented. Baker, Braver, Chen and Williams (2012) indicated that the enforceability and implementation could only succeed when the measures have legal framework through various legislations. In other words, the effectiveness of any intervention de pends on its enforceability based on a given legal framework. The proposed current intervention The current interventions address injuries that are not intended. The reason is that unintentional injuries have been in existence. As such, the preventive measures have also been formulated. However, the interventions only address the injuries that occur within the vehicle when an accident occurs. According to Emery (2013), the environmental interventions have not been addressed in most of the current injury related to accident strategies. The proposed interventions tend to focus on environmental modifications to prevent young pedestrians from injuries related to roadside accidents. The first strategy is to install streetlights on the sidewalks to increase visibility. The streetlights should also be combined with traffic lights indicating areas where crossings are allowed. In addition, the crossings should be clearly marked with warnings provided in advance for approaching drivers to slo w down. The other environmental modification interventions is establishing speed limit in areas near playing grounds as well as schools. The environmental modification prevention strategies would be critical in preventing injuries that would have been caused by the drivers’ negligence and the children inability to understand the environment. In fact, the environmental related prevention measures have not been critically looked at and in cases where such interventions are available the target are not young children. The proposed environmental modification strategies are summarized below. Intervention Recommendation Goals/Expected outcome Maximum speed limit near playing ground Should be enforced by the police as well as other stakeholders Reduce the possibilities of the accidents by 56% The assumed child prior knowledge should be included on the driving training manual and enforced by the police Expected to reduce the possibility of having injuries due assumption of pre -knowledge of the child by 25-30% Discussions As indicated, the major cause of accident related injuries on young people in alcohol. The current preventive measures are focused on measures to reduce alcohol related accidents. In addition, O’Malley and Wagenaar (2009) argue that Young drivers convicted of drinking and driving require assessments on alcohol abuse or dependence as well as attend alcohol treatment. To reduce such offenses, security personnel in charge of traffics should increase their enforceability capabilities. In addition, increased management of convicted drinking and driving offender would help in trimming down the repletion of the offence. O’Malley and Wagenaar (2009) further argue that to reduce injuries from alcohol related accidents, legal drinking ages should be enforced at a minimum of twenty-one years to prevent young people from excessive drinking. Setting BAC limits and impounding driving licenses of traffic offenders are essential. Furthe r, environmental modification interventions are found to be lacking in the current strategies. Hingson and Heeren (2010) argue that environmental modification prevention strategies would be critical in preventing injuries caused by the drivers’ negligence and the children inability to understand the environment. In fact, the environmental related prevention measures have not been looked at critically and in cases where such interventions are available the target are not young children. Conclusion As indicated, young people are the major victims of road driving. In fact, age, gender and inexperience are among the factors putting at higher risks of driving injuries. In addition, alcoholism is cited as the major contributor to the cause of accidents among the youth. However, the current strategies are not exhaustive in preventing injuries resulting from accidents. Therefore, novel and innovative strategies are still needed in the prevention and reduction of injuries. References Baker, S. P., Braver, E. R., Chen, L. H. Williams, A. (2012). Drinking histories of fatally injured drivers. Injury Prevention, 8(1), 221–226. Dodge, K. A. (2011). The science of youth violence prevention: Progressing from developmental epidemiology to efficacy to effectiveness to public policy. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 20(1), 63–70. Emery, C. (2013). Risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport: a systematic review of the literature. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 13(4), 256–68. Gielen, A. C., Sleet, D. A. (2013). Application of behavior change theories and methods to injury prevention. Epidemiologic Review, 25(4), 65–76. Hanson, D., Hanson, J., Vardon, P., McFarlane, K., Lloyd, J., Muller, R., Durrheim (2010). The injury iceberg: An ecological approach to planning sustainable community safety interventions. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 16(4), 5–15. Hingson, R. Heeren, T. (2010). Age of drinking onset an d unintentional injury involvement. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(12), 1527–1533. Klassen, T., MacKay, J. Moher, D. (2010). Community-based injury prevention interventions. The Future of Children, 10(1), 83–110. Levenson, S., Hingson, R. Heeren, T. (2010). Age of drinking onset, driving after drinking and involvement in alcohol–related motor vehicle crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34(4), 85–92. O’Malley, P. M. Wagenaar, A. C. (2009). Effects of minimum drinking age laws on alcohol use, related behavior, and traffic crash involvement among American youth. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52(5), 478–491. Rivara, F. MacKenzie, E. (2012). Systematic reviews of strategies to prevent motor vehicle injuries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6(4), 123-127. Shults, R., Elder, R. Sleet, D. (2011). Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol–impaired driving. American Journal of Preventi ve Medicine, 21(4), 66–88. Wagenaar, A. C., Murray, D. M. Geban, J. P. (2010). Communities mobilizing for change: Outcomes from a randomized community trial. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(1), 85–94. Wallace, D. (2012). Evidence-based effective strategies for preventing injuries: child restraints, seat belts, reducing alcohol-impaired driving, teen drivers, child abuse prevention, bike helmets, residential fire, and drowning. Injury Prevention and Control, 36(8), 23-29. Zaza, S. Thompson, R. (2011). The guide to community preventive services: reducing injuries to motor vehicle occupants, systematic reviews of evidence, and recommendations from the task force on community preventive services, and expert commentary. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48(3), 98-105. This report on Injury Prevention Intervention (Driving injury in young people) was written and submitted by user Haylee Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

BUS310- Week 5 Example

BUS310 BUS310 [School Affiliation] of the topic] Motivation is considered an important thing for personal as well as professional development. Different people have different aptitude therefore it is very important for HR managers to select those persons whose personality best matches with nature of the job. Manager should try to select the customer satisfying people. Recruitment and selection is an activity in which high cost is involved. Therefore selecting the wrong person for the job will affect the overall productivity of the organization. Organizations have a brand image which could be harmed because of the less motivated or unprofessional workforce. Selecting the right person for the right job can reduce majority of the tensions associated with organizational politics as the right will have a clear direction about his growth and will he or she will not indulge in unproductive activities. As far as the Flight 001 is concerned, professionalism and participation in the decision making is one o f their distinctive characteristics. Research suggests that majority of CEOs’ re-structure their companies during the first two years of the job. However most of the steps related to the re structuring does not seems to be productive. Managers often confuse the performance management with re-structuring and right sizing. Performance management is something more than the above two mentioned concepts. There are many different ways to improve the performance of employees. However clarity of organizational goals and involvement of employees in the decision making process can enhance the overall productivity of organizations. Clarity of the organizational goals helps employees to align their personal and professional goals with the requirements of organization. Participation in decision making process helps to nurture organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource is one of the important assets for any organization therefore it should be regarded as a strategic business partn er who works side by side with other business functions. References(n.d.). In cengage. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from cengage.com/management/webtutor/denisi_hr/video/ch13.html (n.d.). In cengage. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from cengage.com/management/webtutor/denisi_hr/video/ch14.html

Pterosaurs - The Flying Reptiles - Evolution

Pterosaurs - The Flying Reptiles - Evolution Pterosaurs (winged lizards) hold a special place in the history of life on earth: they were the first creatures, other than insects, to successfully populate the skies. The evolution of pterosaurs roughly paralleled that of their terrestrial cousins, the dinosaurs, as the small, basal species of the late Triassic period gradually gave way to bigger, more advanced forms in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. (See a complete, A to Z list of pterosaurs.) Before we proceed, though, its important to address one important misconception. Paleontologists have found indisputable proof that modern birds are descended not from pterosaurs, but from small, feathered, land-bound dinosaurs (in fact, if you could somehow compare the DNA of a pigeon, a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a Pteranodon, the first two would be more closely related to each other than either would be to the third). This is an example of what biologists call convergent evolution: nature has a way of finding the same solutions (wings, hollow bones, etc.) to the same problem (how to fly). The First Pterosaurs As is the case with dinosaurs, paleontologists dont yet have enough evidence to identify the single ancient, non-dinosaur reptile from which all pterosaurs evolved (the lack of a missing linksay, a terrestrial archosaur with half-developed flaps of skinmay be heartening to creationists, but you have to remember that fossilization is a matter of chance. Most prehistoric species arent represented in the fossil record, simply because they died in conditions that didnt allow for their preservation.) The first pterosaurs for which we have fossil evidence flourished during the middle to late Triassic period, about 230 to 200 million years ago. These flying reptiles were characterized by their small size and long tails, as well as obscure anatomical features (like the bone structures in their wings) that distinguished them from the more advanced pterosaurs that followed. These rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs, as theyre called, include Eudimorphodon (one of the earliest pterosaurs known), Dorygnathus and Rhamphorhynchus, and they persisted into the early to middle Jurassic period. One problem with identifying the rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs of the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods is that most specimens have been unearthed in modern-day England and Germany. This isnt because early pterosaurs liked to summer in western Europe; rather, as explained above, we can only find fossils in those areas that lent themselves to fossil formation. There may well have been vast populations of Asian or North American pterosaurs, which may (or may not) have been anatomically distinct from the ones with which were familiar. Later Pterosaurs By the late Jurassic period, rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs had been pretty much replaced by pterodactyloid pterosaurslarger-winged, shorter-tailed flying reptiles exemplified by the well-known Pterodactylus and Pteranodon. (The earliest identified member of this group, Kryptodrakon, lived about 163 million years ago.) With their larger, more maneuverable wings of skin, these pterosaurs were able to glide farther, faster, and higher up in the sky, swooping down like eagles to pluck fish off the surface of oceans, lakes and rivers. During the Cretaceous period, pterodactyloids took after dinosaurs in one important respect: an increasing trend toward gigantism. In the middle Cretaceous, the skies of South America were ruled by huge, colorful pterosaurs like Tapejara and Tupuxuara, which had wingspans of 16 or 17 feet; still, these big fliers looked like sparrows next to the true giants of the late Cretaceous, Quetzalcoatlus and Zhejiangopterus, the wingspans of which exceeded 30 feet (far larger than the largest eagles alive today). Heres where we come to another all-important but. The enormous size of these azhdarchids (as giant pterosaurs are known) has led some paleontologists to speculate that they never actually flew. For example, a recent analysis of the giraffe-sized Quetzalcoatlus shows that it had some anatomical features (such as small feet and a stiff neck) ideal for stalking small dinosaurs on land. Since evolution tends to repeat the same patterns, this would answer the embarrassing question of why modern birds have never evolved to azhdarchid-like sizes. In any event, by the end of the Cretaceous period, the pterosaursboth large and smallwent extinct along with their cousins, the terrestrial dinosaurs and marine reptiles. Its possible that the ascendancy of true feathered birds spelled doom for slower, less versatile pterosaurs, or that in the aftermath of the K/T Extinction the prehistoric fish that these flying reptiles fed on were drastically reduced in number. Pterosaur Behavior Aside from their relative sizes, the pterosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods differed from one another in two important ways: feeding habits and ornamentation. Generally, paleontologists can infer a pterosaurs diet from the size and shape of its jaws, and by looking at analogous behavior in modern birds (such as pelicans and seagulls). Pterosaurs with sharp, narrow beaks most likely subsisted on fish, while anomalous genera like Pterodaustro fed on plankton (this pterosaurs thousand or so tiny teeth formed a filter, like that of a blue whale) and the fanged Jeholopterus may have sucked dinosaur blood like a vampire bat (though most paleontologists dismiss this notion). Like modern birds, some pterosaurs also had rich ornamentationnot brightly colored feathers, which pterosaurs never managed to evolve, but prominent head crests. For example, Tupuxuaras rounded crest was rich in blood vessels, a clue that it may have changed color in mating displays, while Ornithocheirus had matching crests on its upper and lower jaws (though its unclear if these were used for display or feeding purposes). Most controversial, though, are the long, bony crests atop the noggins of pterosaurs like Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus. Some paleontologists believe that Pteranodons crest served as a rudder to help stabilize it in flight, while others speculate that Nyctosaurus may have sported a colorful sail of skin. Its an entertaining idea, but some aerodynamics experts doubt that these adaptations could have been truly functional. Pterosaur Physiology The key trait that distinguished pterosaurs from land-bound feathered dinosaurs that evolved into birds was the nature of their wings which consisted of wide flaps of skin connected to an extended finger on each hand. Although these flat, broad structures provided plenty of lift, they may have been better suited to passive gliding than powered, flapping flight, as evidenced by the dominance of true prehistoric birds by the end of the Cretaceous period (which may be attributed to their increased maneuverability). Although theyre only distantly related, ancient pterosaurs and modern birds may have shared one important feature in common: a warm-blooded metabolism. Theres evidence that some pterosaurs (like Sordes) sported coats of primitive hair, a feature usually associated with warm-blooded mammals, and its unclear if a cold-blooded reptile could have generated enough internal energy to sustain itself in flight. Like modern birds, pterosaurs were also distinguished by their sharp vision (a necessity for hunting from hundreds of feet in the air!), which entailed a bigger-than-average brain than that possessed by terrestrial or aquatic reptiles. Using advanced techniques, scientists have even been able to reconstruct the size and shape of the brains of some pterosaur genera, proving that they contained more advanced coordination centers than comparable reptiles. Pterosaurs (winged lizards) hold a special place in the history of life on earth: they were the first creatures, other than insects, to successfully populate the skies. The evolution of pterosaurs roughly paralleled that of their terrestrial cousins, the dinosaurs, as the small, basal species of the late Triassic period gradually gave way to bigger, more advanced forms in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Before we proceed, though, its important to address one important misconception. Paleontologists have found indisputable proof that modern birds are descended not from pterosaurs, but from small, feathered, land-bound dinosaurs (in fact, if you could somehow compare the DNA of a pigeon, a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a Pteranodon, the first two would be more closely related to each other than either would be to the third). This is an example of what biologists call convergent evolution: nature has a way of finding the same solutions (wings, hollow bones, etc.) to the same problem (how to fly). The First Pterosaurs As is the case with dinosaurs, paleontologists dont yet have enough evidence to identify the single ancient, non-dinosaur reptile from which all pterosaurs evolved (the lack of a missing linksay, a terrestrial archosaur with half-developed flaps of skinmay be heartening to creationists, but you have to remember that fossilization is a matter of chance. Most prehistoric species arent represented in the fossil record, simply because they died in conditions that didnt allow for their preservation.) The first pterosaurs for which we have fossil evidence flourished during the middle to late Triassic period, about 230 to 200 million years ago. These flying reptiles were characterized by their small size and long tails, as well as obscure anatomical features (like the bone structures in their wings) that distinguished them from the more advanced pterosaurs that followed. These rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs, as theyre called, include Eudimorphodon (one of the earliest pterosaurs known), Dorygnathus and Rhamphorhynchus, and they persisted into the early to middle Jurassic period. One problem with identifying the rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs of the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods is that most specimens have been unearthed in modern-day England and Germany. This isnt because early pterosaurs liked to summer in western Europe; rather, as explained above, we can only find fossils in those areas that lent themselves to fossil formation. There may well have been vast populations of Asian or North American pterosaurs, which may (or may not) have been anatomically distinct from the ones with which were familiar. Later Pterosaurs By the late Jurassic period, rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs had been pretty much replaced by pterodactyloid pterosaurslarger-winged, shorter-tailed flying reptiles exemplified by the well-known Pterodactylus and Pteranodon. (The earliest identified member of this group, Kryptodrakon, lived about 163 million years ago.) With their larger, more maneuverable wings of skin, these pterosaurs were able to glide farther, faster, and higher up in the sky, swooping down like eagles to pluck fish off the surface of oceans, lakes and rivers. During the Cretaceous period, pterodactyloids took after dinosaurs in one important respect: an increasing trend toward gigantism. In the middle Cretaceous, the skies of South America were ruled by huge, colorful pterosaurs like Tapejara and Tupuxuara, which had wingspans of 16 or 17 feet; still, these big fliers looked like sparrows next to the true giants of the late Cretaceous, Quetzalcoatlus and Zhejiangopterus, the wingspans of which exceeded 30 feet (far larger than the largest eagles alive today). Heres where we come to another all-important but. The enormous size of these azhdarchids (as giant pterosaurs are known) has led some paleontologists to speculate that they never actually flew. For example, a recent analysis of the giraffe-sized Quetzalcoatlus shows that it had some anatomical features (such as small feet and a stiff neck) ideal for stalking small dinosaurs on land. Since evolution tends to repeat the same patterns, this would answer the embarrassing question of why modern birds have never evolved to azhdarchid-like sizes. In any event, by the end of the Cretaceous period, the pterosaursboth large and smallwent extinct along with their cousins, the terrestrial dinosaurs and marine reptiles. Its possible that the ascendancy of true feathered birds spelled doom for slower, less versatile pterosaurs, or that in the aftermath of the K/T Extinction the prehistoric fish that these flying reptiles fed on were drastically reduced in number. Pterosaur Behavior Aside from their relative sizes, the pterosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods differed from one another in two important ways: feeding habits and ornamentation. Generally, paleontologists can infer a pterosaurs diet from the size and shape of its jaws, and by looking at analogous behavior in modern birds (such as pelicans and seagulls). Pterosaurs with sharp, narrow beaks most likely subsisted on fish, while anomalous genera like Pterodaustro fed on plankton (this pterosaurs thousand or so tiny teeth formed a filter, like that of a blue whale) and the fanged Jeholopterus may have sucked dinosaur blood like a vampire bat (though most paleontologists dismiss this notion). Like modern birds, some pterosaurs also had rich ornamentationnot brightly colored feathers, which pterosaurs never managed to evolve, but prominent head crests. For example, Tupuxuaras rounded crest was rich in blood vessels, a clue that it may have changed color in mating displays, while Ornithocheirus had matching crests on its upper and lower jaws (though its unclear if these were used for display or feeding purposes). Most controversial, though, are the long, bony crests atop the noggins of pterosaurs like Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus. Some paleontologists believe that Pteranodons crest served as a rudder to help stabilize it in flight, while others speculate that Nyctosaurus may have sported a colorful sail of skin. Its an entertaining idea, but some aerodynamics experts doubt that these adaptations could have been truly functional. Pterosaur Physiology The key trait that distinguished pterosaurs from land-bound feathered dinosaurs that evolved into birds was the nature of their wings which consisted of wide flaps of skin connected to an extended finger on each hand. Although these flat, broad structures provided plenty of lift, they may have been better suited to passive gliding than powered, flapping flight, as evidenced by the dominance of true prehistoric birds by the end of the Cretaceous period (which may be attributed to their increased maneuverability). Although theyre only distantly related, ancient pterosaurs and modern birds may have shared one important feature in common: a warm-blooded metabolism. Theres evidence that some pterosaurs (like Sordes) sported coats of primitive hair, a feature usually associated with warm-blooded mammals, and its unclear if a cold-blooded reptile could have generated enough internal energy to sustain itself in flight. Like modern birds, pterosaurs were also distinguished by their sharp vision (a necessity for hunting from hundreds of feet in the air!), which entailed a bigger-than-average brain than that possessed by terrestrial or aquatic reptiles. Using advanced techniques, scientists have even been able to reconstruct the size and shape of the brains of some pterosaur genera, proving that they contained more advanced coordination centers than comparable reptiles.

Biodegradability of polymers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biodegradability of polymers - Term Paper Example The degradable products are biogas, carbon dioxide and methane. Natural polymers such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acid are degraded by hydrolysis and oxidation. Biodegradation can occur aerobically and anaerobically depending on the availability of oxygen. Chemical structure, physical properties, molecular weight, porosity, elasticity and morphology are responsible for a material’s biodegradation. Compounds which can be biodegradable have the power to break down in environments where the material is decomposed by biological processes with the production of water, carbon dioxide and carbon containing soil (Leja and Lewandowicz 256). There are various tests which can be performed to assess the biodegradability of polymers. The tests performed can be simple or complex depending on their duration of action. Simple tests are rapid and complex ones are slow. The test methods that are practiced are different. Plate testing method is a simple method used as an initial test. The polymer that is to be tested is set on a mineral salt agar accompanied with some carbon for fungal growth to start. Then the sample is inoculated by fungi such as Aspergillusniger. The level of biodegradability is measured by loss of dry weight and surface colonization. Another method for assessment is the enzyme test. In this method specific enzymes are used to catalyze polymers such as starch-blended polymers. The polymer of choice is inserted into an enzyme solution and is incubated. The degree of biodegradability is measured by weight loss of polymer. Another method is when various microbial consortia or groups are identified for various po lymers. This test gives its assessment by showing changes in molecular weight and mechanical properties. Modified sturm test is a simple method in which activated sewage sludge is used. The desired

God of small things by arundati roy - is love greater than caste Essay

God of small things by arundati roy - is love greater than caste - Essay Example But does that mean love is stronger than caste? In the case of Ammu and Velutha, it certainly was but only in their eyes. It was not even conceivable in the eyes of others. Paravans were one of those untouchables that Ammu’s family had known for a long time but never considered them an equal in any sense of the word. For them Paravans were to be treated like all other untouchables in the land: â€Å"In Mammachi’s time, Paravans, like other untouchables were not allowed to walk on public roads, not allowed to cover their upper bodies, not allowed to carry umbrellas. They had to put their hands over their mouths when they spoke, to divert their polluted breath away from those whom they addressed.† (p. 71) The novel makes use of some amazing imagery to adequately explain the intensity or enormity of important things. For example, when talking about religion in Kerala, Roy writes: "Christianity arrived in a boat and seeped into Kerala like tea from a tea bag." (p.38). Ammu was a young divorced woman with two children who are twins. The author uses imagery and similes again to define Ammu’s personality: â€Å"Ammu was an unmixable mix. The infinite tenderness of motherhood and the reckless rage of a suicide bomber." (p. 44). Divorce in itself was a huge stigma in those times and to get it at a very such age was even more painful for the victim. Ammu had to live in her mother’s house, almost like a subdued servant since she couldn’t even enjoy the dignity of having her own place. She was dependent on her parents for shelter. At that age, which according to the narrator was â€Å"a viable, die-able age†, Ammu still had sexual urges; she still dreamed of being loved and touched and must have fantasized about having a relationship. However being a divorcee, the chances of that ever happening were slim and at 30, she was stuck

Indigenous people of Australia and the Native Americans Essay Example for Free

Indigenous people of Australia and the Native Americans Essay Compare and contrast the impact colonial powers had on the indigenous people of Australia and the Native Americans. There are many disputes to whether it was for the better or worse that the English had arrived in Australia and taken over. But the case still stands why the aboriginals had to tolerate the abuse, massacres and imported disease along with the loss of rights just because they were not as civilized. The Aboriginals were the first people to live in this country for over 45,000 years. Before the English had arrived they had an approximately a population of about 750,000. There is no excuse to the way they were treated but sadly they were not the only ones who were miss treated. Other indigenous communities around the world such as the American Indians were facing similar problems. The Aboriginals were facing the same problems everyday with the English. They were constantly being physically and mentally abused. Looked up for no reason in particular, no food and shelter and just getting pushed around all day. Some disputes would have been because of language, land and rights. The English would have the upper hand because of weaponry and technology. When the English came they brought with them alcohol, which later had a detrimental effect on the Aboriginals as there was a lot of abuse within the communities. The Native Americans were enslaved and forced to work in mines. This resulted in women killing their new born babies, men jumping off cliffs or consuming poisons. The European colonization had had a massive affect on the Native American population. Conflicts arose regularly between the Native Americans and the Europeans. Many people were imprisoned and abused during this time. The Aboriginals population had decreased dramatically due to massacres. These massacres may not have been intentionally for a specific reason but much of the population had decreased from this. One of the well known massacres to occur in the indigenous time happened at the battle mountain. An estimate of 200 indigenous people died during that killing and there were many more. The Native Americans had encountered major population downfall from the 1500 through to the 1890s due to massacres. On May 26th 1637, in mystic river side, English colonists had set fire and burned 600-700 civilians alive. This was one of the largest killing sprees during this time. This was just on example of how brutal the English were to the natives. When the white settlement came to Australia not only did they kill the Aboriginals with abuse, massacres and miss treatment but as they came they brought along diseases as well. These diseases included small pox, chicken pox, influenza and the measles. The Aboriginals died from such diseases because they were not immune to them and their traditional medicines did not help relieve the symptoms. So even such things as colds and flues could have swept through the nation and killed half the tribe. The Native Americans were introduced to such diseases as small pox, typhus, measles, influenza, bubonic plague, mumps and yellow fever. The natives would use sweat baths as a medical treatment which could have weakened the body and made them more immune to the disease. Not only did the Europeans bring over the diseases but as they imported animals that also carried diseases as well. These diseases were the major cause of death during the Native American era. As the first fleet arrived, the Aboriginals were losing their land. The more they stayed the fewer rights they had and eventually decreased to a minimal number of full breeds. The Aboriginals were forced to speak English and as a result of this the languages or dialects had died out. There were pubs built on native ancestral land which only white people could enter. They were forced to dress as the English and act as the English. Their rights had become nothing to be even thought. The Europeans treated the Aboriginal race as animals. Their land was cleared of natural vegetation to make way for buildings, house and roads. They were not allowed to even use them after they were built. As the Europeans entered America they miss treated the natives improperly. Slaves were put into mines or on land and forced to work. As new people came into the land the old people were relocated and forced to change their way of life. This slowly reduced birthrates therefore slowly reducing the population. The European settlement was much alike as the English in Australia. They gave the natives minimal rights or nor rights at all. They massacred tribes and destroyed ancient ground. They brought in the natives and enslaved them, made them speak differently and act differently thus destroying the population and race. Diseases were brought in from over seas either by human or animal and just the way they treated the indigenous people was unacceptable. But unfortunately they were not the only two facing the same problems. There were many more with bigger problems and some were irreversible. What the colonists needed to do is perhaps make friends with the indigenous people and respect their rights, land and race but still build a better future.

Self-Damnation in Oedipus the King Essay -- Oedipus Rex Essays

Self-Damnation in Oedipus Rex (the King)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sophocles' play Oedipus Rex (the King) is a tragic tale of fate and hubris. At first glance, it seems that the terrible fates of the main characters are merely the doings of mischievous or cruel gods. That Laios should die at the hands of his unknowing son, that Jocaste should later marry that son to commit the crime of incest, and that Oedipus, the son, should be the actor in both crimes all seem to be deeds scripted unfairly by the gods for their own pleasure. However, upon examining the evidence in the play, it becomes clear not only that Laios and Jocaste directly cause their own fates by abandoning the infant Oedipus to die on the mountain, but that Oedipus is himself a willing participant in his own crimes. In choosing to abandon Oedipus upon his birth, Laios and Jocaste try to prevent the fulfillment of Apollo's prophecy: "[Laios'] down at the hands of a son, our son, to be born of our own flesh and blood" (Sophocles 201). They "fastened" the baby's ankles and "had a henchman fling him away on a barren, trackless mountain" (201). This done, the king and queen live their lives believing that they are safe from any danger that the child might pose. It is their cowardly act of attempting to escape fate that seals their doom, however. Not only do they decide to kill their only child, but they are unable to do so in a humane manner. Rather than relieve their son of any misery, they tie his ankles together and abandon him to the harsh elements of nature on a mountain. They are blissfully unaware that a shepherd has taken pity on the royal child and has delivered him to the care of King Polybos of Corinth (218). Clearly, by their self-preserving act of child-abandonment, Lai... ...renberg, Victor. â€Å"Sophoclean Rulers: Oedipus.† In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. O’Brien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.    Herodotus.   The Histories. Translated by Aubrey de Selincourt. England: Penguin Books, 1972.    Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993.    â€Å"Sophocles† In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi    Bowra, C. M.   â€Å"Sophocles’ Use of Mythology.† In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1997.

“On The Rainy River” Analysis Essay

The short story â€Å"On the Rainy River† is an integral chapter in the memoir The Things They Carried written by William Timothy O’Brien. The short story is written through the perspective of O’Brien in present day and as a young man faced with a draft notice for the Vietnam War. In â€Å"On the Rainy River,† O’Brien portrays the importance of bravery of individuals in the society through the use of symbolism, powerful tone, reflective point of view, narrative devices, and through the reoccurring theme of courage. In the short story, O’Brien uses symbolism to depict the religious aspect of the Rainy River, a watercourse which segregates the land of Minnesota and Canada, a divide that tested O’Brien’s bravery to either enlist in or flee the Vietnam War. O’Brien states that â€Å"the Rainy River . . . separated one life from another [;] . . . the cold [sprayed] against [his] face . . . [as] [they] . . . passed into Canadi an waters, across that dotted line between two different worlds . . .† (1012). The Rainy River symbolizes the rebirth of O’Brien into a new world; water epitomizes the purity and renewal of a new identity. This symbol adds great significance to the anecdote because it portrays the man vs. self-conflict of O’Brien; he has to choose a life of fearing the U.S government in exile, or a life of hostility and bloodshed in a war that he does not support. The author’s use of symbolism allows the reader to construe the variation in O’Brien’s point of view as he flees to the land of Canada to evade the drafting: that in fear, he gains the courage and strength to return to the U.S and face the inevitable war. Susan Farrell communicates in â€Å"The Vietnam in Me† that â€Å"[e]ven though the young narrator believed the war was morally wrong, he was unable to defy the traditions and expectations he had been raised with [;] [h]e was afraid of what people would say about him should he flee the draft, and he could not . . . leave behind everything he knew and loved.† The narrator considers that he is reared to take responsibility and is expected of his family and the society to do the right thing: join the war; even though he does not support the battle, O’Brien feels pressured by the fear of shame and embarrassment of not enlisting. Although the symbolism of the story reflects the author’s self-conflict, tone also enhances the significance of the decision he has to make. O’Brien  creates the tone of fear in the short story; he reflects on his cowardice and dreads the fate of his life if he were caught. O’Brien expresses that there are instances in which he is overwhelmed by fear: He stays up at night envisaging being chased by the border patrol and helicopters; he sweats while envisioning himself fleeing through the woods and being thrown to the ground by police. He feels dizzy with sorrow, guilt, and regret for parting the country and not enlisting into the war; he is troubled by the lack of sleep and the sickness that consumes him. (1009) The tone is created by the character’s personal emotions towards his life decisions and his dread upon the events that are foreseeable. The tone deepens the meaning of courage because it allows for a reflection on what could have contributed to the fear and how the character’s courage would ultimately overcome it. The tone of fear supplemented to the importance of O’Brien’s decision to escape the Vietnam War; he is acting out of fear—he, â€Å"was no soldier . . . [he] hated dirt . . . and mosquitos . . . [t]he sight of blood made [him] queasy, and [he] . . . didn’t know a rifle from a slingshot.† (O’Brien 1003). Bobbie Ann Mason observes that, â€Å"[t]he litany reifies the sense of constancy the men experienced: constant conditions, constant fear and apprehension, constant movement, and constant burdens† (Mason). Mason recognizes that the narrator’s use of a long and repetitious list of complaints and problems enables the reader to perceive the burden that he feels. The tone presented in this story allows for depth and apprehension that heightens the an xiety for future events. The point of view in the short story is presented in first person; by using first person narration, the author is enabled to express his internal emotion throughout the story. O’Brien perceives that â€Å"[c]ertain blood was being shed for uncertain reasons [; he] saw no unity of purpose, no consensus on matters of philosophy or history or law . . . facts were shrouded in uncertainty . . . [w]as it a civil war [,] a war of national liberation or simple aggression† (1002). O’Brien expresses his personal views on the war: there is no purpose for it to occur or for him to engage in the battle. Tegmark states in â€Å"The Perspectives of Other Characters† that â€Å"[there is] relative importance . . . [of] the perspective of . . . [Tim O’Brien as] the protagonist . . . and that of what I call [primary]  narrat[ion] [;] in . . .†The Things They Carried†. . . O’Brien functions as [a] focalizer, constituting the main perspective from which the reader perceives the story.† Tim O’Brien is the protagonist and the primary narrator; he is able to contribute to the story as the main perspective which allows him to provide memories and anecdotes, thus deepening the plot. The first person account gives the narrative credibility because the protagonist is telling the story; he can recall past events that relate to the occurrence or contemplate on what may ensue next. The narrator experienced the emotional battle and retreat to Canada first-hand; in turn, this interesting relationship gives the reader a direct account of the topic. O’Brien writes that â€Å"[he] felt something break open in [his] chest . . . [b]ut it was real, [he] know[s] that much, it was a physical rupture- a cracking-leaking-popping feeling† (1006). O’Brien speaks directly to the reader presenting the reader an emotional perception. His narration provides a contemplative and insightful voice while relating events that have happened; he describes what is learned from the experience and how it has affected his life. The use of flashbacks is prominent throughout the short story; O’Brien switches between the past and present tense throughout the story to narr ate his memoir. By using flashbacks, shifts and reflective moments are created. O’Brien states that he remembers that when walking out of his house in the year 1968 to leave for Canada, he carefully observed all of his familiar possessions that he would leave behind, including his life (1006). This scene reveals the use of flashback and enhances the meaning of his separation from the life he had known; he feels expressively attached to his home country. This man vs. self-conflict of whether to stay or go lingers when he sees the chrome toaster, the telephone, and the bright sunshine that sparkled in the room. O’Brien uses recollections throughout the story to incorporate former events that contribute meaning and sentiment. Susan Farrell states that â€Å"[t]he [short story] alternates between present-day [narration and the scenes] that take place during [1968] . . . [the] flashbacks . . . explain how [O’Brien] arrived at [his] present circumstances.† The author uses flashbacks throughout the story to allow the reader to visualize the shifts in his voice and the change in his views between the past and the present. O’Brien creates pathos towards the protagonist by expressing the hardships of his decision of leaving his life  in the United States for a life of hiding in Canada. O’Brien mentions remembering â€Å". . . self-pity . . . driving aimlessly around town . . . feeling sorry for [himself] . . . paralyzed . . . [feeling] guilt [and] sorrow† (1003-4). O’Brien references his emotional pressure to gain the readers’ sympathy by stating â€Å"[a]nd so [he] sat in the bow of the boat and cried . . . [i]t was loud now . . . [l]oud, hard crying† (1016). He provides his audience the capability to commiserate by giving the reader a view into his distressed core. Werlock states that O’Brien was â€Å". . . faced with [a] choice and imagining a host of people, real and imaginary, on both shores encouraging him one way or the other, the fear of shame holds him back from jumping overboard and swimming to Canada . . . O’Brien cries in the boat over his future . . .† The reader sympathizes with the protagonist because he is afraid of what people might think of him; the reader is placed in his shoes and realizes that O’Brien is in a painful position. O’Brien presents the themes of courage and cowardice throughout the short story. O’Brien states that â€Å"[it] was a kind of schizophrenia . . . [a] moral split . . . [he] couldn’t make up [his] mind . . . [he] feared the war . . . exile . . . walking away from [his] whole history. . . losing the respect of [his] parents . . . the law. . . ridicule and censure† (1005). Bloom states that â€Å"[w]hen the narrator writes, ‘This is one story I’ve never told before,’ it suggests [that] [r]eaders come to learn that the narrator’s reluctance may stem from what he perceives as revealing weakness: his emotional breakdown, his lack of courage actually to desert, and a fear of his family and friends learning of his weakness.† O’Brien portrays the theme of courage and cowardice to reflect on his decision to either enter or flee the Vietnam War. He was split between choosing a life of war or fear. Because of his fear of shame and humiliation of his friends and family, cowardice consumes him and he is unable to will himself across the Rainy River into Canada. His cowardice is a vital part of the story because it conjures internal conflict, hallucinations, fear, pathos, and emotion throughout the story. The theme of shame is existent throughout the short story. In the beginning of the narrative, O’Brien reveals that he has never told this story before because of the shame and embarrassment that he would have felt if he had. O’Brien states â€Å"[what] it came down to, stupidly, was a  sense of shame [,] [h]ot, stupid shame . . . [he] was ashamed of his conscience . . . [of] doing the right thing† (1009-10). O’Brien dreads the indignity and humiliation of his friends, family, and people of great importance if he does not enlist into the war: He states that when he visualizes people of relativity and of importance on the sides of the river urging him toward one shore or the other he feels himself redden. He could not risk the disdain, ignominy, or derision and that he would go to war because he was ashamed not to. (1016) Werlock avers that â€Å"[w]hen Berdahl takes O’Brien fishing on the Rainy River, . . . he is confronted with the decision between one life or the other . . . the fear of shame holds him back.† The importance of the role of shame develops throughout the story; it is the motivating factor that prevents O’Brien from leaving to Canada. Shame held him back because he did not want his family to feel that he was a raised to become a coward. The author uses shame to enhance the emotional depth of the story; the shame compels the reader to recognize the struggle of his situation. In the end, O’Brien overcomes the barrier of shame and acquires the courage to return to the United States to fight in the Vietnam War. In the short story â€Å"On the Rainy River,† William Timothy O’Brien explores the importance of courage and shame when he evades his draft notice for the Vietnam War by fleeing to Canada. Throughout the story, the reader gains a sense of emotional perspective for what draftees distress and anticipate through O’Brien’s use of symbolism, tone, point of view, flashback, and the themes of courage and shame. O’Brien’s decision to be reborn into a new world is reflectively symbolized by the Rainy River and a penetrating tone of fear provides apprehension and unease upon the reader. The use of the first person point of view and the narrative devices of flashbacks and pathos allows O’Brien to recall the past and to provide emotion. O’Brien overcomes his fear of shame which ultimately enables him to gain his courage and fight in the Vietnam War. Works Cited Bloom, Harold, ed. â€Å"The Things They Carried.† The Things They Carried, Bloom’s Guides. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishing, 2004. Bloom’s Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. Farrell, Susan. â€Å"O’Brien, Tim.† Critical Companion to Tim O’Brien: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2011. Bloom’s Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 28 Sept. 2014 Farrell, Susan. â€Å"‘The Vietnam in Me’.† Critical Companion to Tim O’Brien: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2011. Bloom’s Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. O’Brien, Tim. â€Å"On The Rainy River.† Literature Grade 10. Ed. Janet Allen. Evanston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2010. 999-1016. Print. Tegmark, Mats. â€Å"The Perspectives of Other Characters.† In the Shoes of a Soldier: Communication in Tim O’Brien’s Vietnam Narratives (Uppsala University, 1998): pp. 245–71. Quoted as â€Å"The Perspectives of Other Characters† in Bloom, Harold, ed. The Things They Carried, Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2011. Bloomâ⠂¬â„¢s Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 27 Sept. 2014. Werlock, Abby H. P. â€Å"‘On the Rainy River’.† The Facts On File Companion to the American Short Story, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009.Bloom’s Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 27 Sept. 2014.

Bama Pie Limited Company

Bama Pie, Limited is a company that reinforced â€Å"quality as a way of life.† Bama Pie has been the single source supplier of pies to McDonald†s† U.S. operations. By providing top-quality pie products and â€Å"never missing an order,† Bama had been able to expand its core pie business by landing 50 percent of McDonald†s† oven-ready, prebaked frozen biscuit needs. Another major customer includes Pizza Hut (for which Bama was producing approximately 25% of its bread stick requirements). Bama Pie produced more then 1 million pies per day from facilities in Tulsa, Oklahoma, for McDonald†s. The History of Bama Pie dates to 1927 when Henry C. Marshall decided to utilize the pie-baking talents of his wife, Cornelia Alabama Marshall, to provide employment for himself after a lengthy period of being out of work. The company†s CEO now was 38-year-old Paula Marshall-Chapman, who succeeded her father in 1985 as a chief executive officer of the company. i) Quality has always been the company†s top priority. à  The company had instilled a total quality management discipline in its approximately 600 employees through extensive training and educational programs offered through the in-house Bama Institute. Even fork truck operators have gotten involved in helping solve the inventory adjustments problem. ii) Long-term relationship with McDonald†s has allowed Bama Pie to grow along with McDonald†s as one of its key suppliers. iii) Diversity of expertise: Paula reshaped the management team significantly and assembled a highly professional staff with an average age under 40. The team members are all well-educated, experienced and young (they can serve the company for a longer period of time). iv) BEBOPP: In 1990, Bama instituted the Bama Employees† Bonus on Profit Plan to provide bonus incentives to all employees in the company. The plan was based on an annual return on sales objective that was established by Marshall-Chapman. The profit-sharing plan is a good way of getting employees involved. v) Management talents obtained by Paula: she was the person trained to run the new computer system, and in that capacity she learned the value of training people and helping people solve problems. She was known as the Bama†s problem solver. i) Relationship with McDonald†s: Although Bama has been McDonald†s principal supplier of biscuits for 24 years, they had never established a contract. ii) Relatively small company with limited capital: Compare to Quaker Oats, Bama is a very small company with limited capital for expansion. iii) Limited product line: Bama has a low variety of products. iv) Limited market for its products: Its major customers are McDonald†s, Pizza Hut, Wal-Mart and Sam†s Wholesale Clubs. v) Health Conscious Thinking: Consumers now are more health conscious and some of them do read the nutrition fact label prior to consumption. Pecan pies contain a lot of calories and fat. As consumers become more health conscious, the pecan pies† sales may drop. i) Bama can expand its brand by creating new products such as hard cookies, crackers and power bars. The company still has room for expansion in its under-utilized biscuit plant. ii) Buyout smaller companies that sell similar products. iii) Joint Ventures with foreign local firms: Bama can invite a foreign local firm to invest together to create a local business. They can share ownership, control and profits of the new company. . i) Lose business with McDonald†s: Since more than 70% of the company†s business comes from McDonald†s, if McDonald†s finds another supplier, which provides cheaper pies and biscuits, Bama may lose its business with McDonald†s. ii) Loss of Paula: As it mentioned in the case, Paula is the one who set up the company†s computer system and she is known to be the â€Å"Bama†s problem solver.† With her management talent, she is also described as a â€Å"unique chief executive† by her employees. She is the one who recruits all the professional staff together and she is the core of the company. iii) Competitors: There are a lot of big and small competitors out there. vi) Health Conscious Thinking: As I mentioned earlier, consumers now are more health conscious and some of them do read the nutrition fact label prior to consumption. Pecan pies contain a lot of calories and fat. As consumers become more health conscious, the pecan pies† sales may drop.

andrew jackson the tyrant essays

andrew jackson the tyrant essays I cannot be intimidated from doing that which my judgment and conscience tell me is right by any earthly power. This quote by Jackson underlies the fact the he was a selfish, tyrannical ruler. He did not make decisions based on the interests of the whole nation but on his own personal benefit, in search of self- achievement. Although he was portrayed or possibly manipulated the citizens to believe that he was a president for the common man, that was simply not the way he acted. As president, he purposely ignored the power of the Judicial branch to judge laws, and strengthened the power of the Executive branch above the limits in the Constitution. He was also said to be rude and uneducated, which might have led to the reasons why he was such a power hungry tyrant; but before one makes this harsh judgment they must first realize the type of life that Andrew Jackson lived. It almost certainly was the main reason why his thought process was so different from the regular wealthy, educated earlier presidents. The third child of Irish immigrants, he joined the Army when he was only thirteen years old. Although he was young he had already developed hatred towards the British, because his oldest brother was killed fighting in the Revolution. Even though Jackson was an exceptional soldier, both him and his middle brother were captured by British troops. After their mother pleaded for their release, the boys were set free, but due to the poor living conditions of the army camp, Jacksons family was overcome by the smallpox disease. Leaving him all alone in life. This traumatic time in his life could have been the start of all his psychological problems. It seems that trouble almost always found Jackson. After being a lawyer for only a few years, an argument with another lawyer in the town led to an insult. Eventually Jackson challenged the man to a duel. Things did not look good for Jackson's oppone...

16 Misquoted Quotations

16 Misquoted Quotations 16 Misquoted Quotations 16 Misquoted Quotations By Mark Nichol Many quotations attributed to famous people are at best paraphrases though often superior to the original. Others might be subtly altered in the retelling, sometimes with little impact on their effect, at other times irresponsibly changing the meaning. Here is a selection of well-known sayings or writings that aren’t quite accurate (followed by a couple that are but are mistakenly identified as erroneous): 1. â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in the world.† This quotation attributed to Gandhi is a later invention by an unknown person, likely inspired by the following passage: â€Å"As a man changes his own nature, so does the attitude of the world change towards him. . . . We need not wait to see what others do.† 2. â€Å"First they ignore you. Then they laugh at you. Then they attack you. Then you win.† Gandhi was also credited with this pithy progression, but something like it was actually uttered in a speech at a union meeting in the United States in 1914: â€Å"First they ignore you. Then they ridicule you. And then they attack you and want to burn you. And then they build monuments to you.† 3. â€Å"Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned.† This is an amended version of a line by playwright William Congreve, who flourished around the turn of the eighteenth century. The actual comment is â€Å"Heaven has no rage like love to hatred turned / Nor hell a fury like a woman scorned.† 4. â€Å"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.† As with many of these lines, the person to whom it is attributed in this case, Voltaire, perhaps would have wished he had been so eloquent. This ringing pronouncement, however, derives not from the French philosopher’s own pen, but from an early-twentieth-century biography of him. 5. â€Å"Methinks the lady doth protest too much.† This is a slightly recast alteration of Queen Gertrude’s response to Hamlet’s query about how his mother likes the play he has, unbeknownst to her, scripted to prompt a guilty reaction from her and King Claudius, who Hamlet believes conspired to murder his father. She is saying that the character of the queen is trying too hard to appear innocent. The original, no better or worse merely measured differently is â€Å"The lady doth protest too much, methinks.† 6. â€Å"Money is the root of all evil.† This alteration of a biblical verse, by omitting a vital element of the original, changes the meaning significantly. The verse actually reads, â€Å"For the love of money is the root of all evil.† 7. â€Å"Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.† This misquotation lacks the equivocation of British historian Lord Action’s actual statement, â€Å"Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely† and omits the blunt next sentence: â€Å"Great men are almost always bad men.† 8. â€Å"Music hath charms to soothe the savage beast.† The actual quote, from the same play from which the line in the third entry above is taken, is â€Å"Music hath charms to soothe a savage breast.† The next line, elaborating on the theme, is â€Å"To soften Rocks, or bend a knotted Oak.† 9. â€Å"Nice guys finish last.† Legendary baseball manager Leo Durocher wasn’t making a blanket statement when he uttered these four words. They are a contracted repetition of his assessment of a baseball team’s prospects for the season. The entire quotation is â€Å"All nice guys. They’ll finish last. Nice guys finish last.† 10. â€Å"No rest for the wicked.† This line, uttered jocularly by a busy person, perhaps as an excuse for departing, is probably inspired by the biblical verse â€Å"There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.† 11. â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent.† These first few words of Shakespeare’s Richard III are often expressed to mean â€Å"The present time is the winter of our discontent.† What the titular character means, however, is made clear by including the second part of the statement, which demonstrates that the phrase is merely a preface to the counterpoint of a reference to better times: â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun of York.† 12. â€Å"Pride comes before a fall.† This is a contracted version of the biblical verse â€Å"Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.† 13. â€Å"Reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated.† Mark Twain’s actual comment is more straightforward: â€Å"The report of my death is an exaggeration.† In addition, the statement is in reference not to a prematurely printed obituary but to a reporter’s inquiry about his health. 14. â€Å"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.† This quotation is a vast improvement over this vaguely similar statement by Irish-born British statesman Edmund Burke: â€Å"When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle.† 15. â€Å"Theirs but to do or die.† The legendary phrase from Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s â€Å"The Charge Of The Light Brigade† has a subtly but significantly different penultimate word. The entire line reads, â€Å"Theirs not to reason why / Theirs but to do and die.† 16. â€Å"Water, water everywhere, and not a drop to drink.† The line from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† has been tidied up a bit. The original is â€Å"Water, water, every where, / Nor any drop to drink.† Two other well-known statements considered to be misquotes are actually later versions of lesser-known comments. Winston Churchill’s phrase â€Å"Blood, sweat, and tears,† widely believed to be an erroneous version of â€Å"I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat,† is actually a more concise and euphonious update of the more extended form. By the same token, â€Å"I laughed all the way to the bank† is an alleged misquotation (and misunderstanding of Liberace’s quip â€Å"I cried all the way to the bank,† but he actually did use laughed in response to a poor review of a financially successful concert of his. When he later won a lawsuit with compensation stemming from a newspaper’s veiled contention that he was gay (the nerve!), he altered the earlier utterance with a change of verb to reply to a query about whether the accusation made him distraught. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingThe Possessive ApostropheCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name